Sage

• Offensive to all evil beings
• Cleansing smudge
• Place in pipe bowl while storing
• Used to smuge pipe before smoking
• At Sundance; place under buffalo robe, in buffalo nose, to make crown, anklets, bracelets and rub on pierced area
• Place on sweatlodge road, floor & under bucket
• Behind the right ear to hear the spirits
• made into tea

Sweet Grass

• Burn while filling pipe
• Burn after pipe ceremony
• Burn to call all spirits
• Stuff in buffallo skull to have camp of plenty

Cedar

• Smudge to clean outside of body
• Place on first 7 rocks in a sweat
• Burned to appeasr the thunder beings
• Smoked in pip for healing; smoked by all present and pointed toward the ill

Tobacco

• represents all the spirits; all that were, are, or ever will be
• Smoked in pipe
• Used as an offering
• Used in the making of Prayer Ties & Flags
• Used to make Kinnikinic (Cansasa)
• Used to petition

Kinnikinic (canasa)

• Dried red-willow bark or dogwood bark mixed with tobacco to smoke in ceremony